Analog Signal and Digital Signal Processing in Telecommunication System

The term digital signal is a term from a technology that converts an analog signal into digital data so that the signal can be processed more easily and quickly. The term digital itself is a system that only recognizes two conditions. The two conditions are usually represented by the numbers zero and one, on and off, or others. The smallest unit of digital signal is the bit

DESIGNING HEDGE ALGEBRAIC CONTROLLER AND OPTIMIZING BY GENETIC ALGORITHM FOR SERIAL ROBOTS ADHERING TRAJECTORIES

In recent years, the application of hedge algebras in the field of control has been studied. The results show that this approach has many advantages. In additions, industrial robots are being well-developed and extensively used, especially in the industrial revolution 4.0. Accurate control of industrial robots is a class of problems that many scientists are interested in. In this paper, we design a controller based on hedge algebra for serial robots. The control rule is given by linguistic rule base system. The goal is to accurately control the moving robot arm which adheres given trajectories. Optimization of fuzzy parameters for the controller is done by genetic algorithms. The system has been simulated on the Matlab-Simulink software. The simulation results show that the orbital deviation is very small. Moreover, the controller worked well with correct control quality. This result once presents the simplicity and efficiency of the hedge algebras approach to control

Influences of the mole ratio SnO2/NaOH on the growth of SnO2 nanorods

SnO2 nanorods have been successfully prepared by hydrothermal method at low temperature. The mole ratio of SnO2/ NaOH plays important role in the morphology and diameter of SnO2 nanorod. Besides, the possible growth mechanisms of SnO2 nanorods are also discussed. Structural properties and surface morphologies of the SnO2 nanorods were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results show that diameters of the nanorods are around 100 nm to 300 nm with lengths of several micrometers. With the success of preparing SnO2 nanorods, which will improve in the research and preparation of gas sensor based on SnO2 materials. Keywords: SnO2, nanorods, hydrothermal method

Estimates for the elastic moduli of 2D aggregate of hexagonal-shape orthorhombic crystals with in-plane random crystalline orientations

Numerical finite element simulations on the homogenization problem for large samples of particular 2D hexagonal-shape-geometry random orientation aggregates from the base crystals of orthorhombic symmetry have been performed. At sufficiently large random-aggregate samples, the scatter intervals of the macroscopic 2D bulk and shear elastic moduli converge toward the Voigt-Reuss-Hill bounds, and then our recently constructed theoretical estimates, which have been specified for the aggregates

Building Footprint Extraction in Dense Areas using Super Resolution and Frame Field Learning

Despite notable results on standard aerial datasets, current state-of-the-arts fail to produce accurate building footprints in dense areas due to challenging properties posed by these areas and limited data availability. In this paper, we propose a framework to address such issues in polygonal building extraction. First, super resolution is employed to enhance the spatial resolution of aerial image, allowing for finer details to be captured. This enhanced imagery serves as input to a multitask learning module, which consists of a segmentation head and a frame field learning head to effectively handle the irregular building structures. Our model is supervised by adaptive loss weighting, enabling extraction of sharp edges and fine-grained polygons which is difficult due to overlapping buildings and low data quality. Extensive experiments on a slum area in India that mimics a dense area demonstrate that our proposed approach significantly outperforms the current state-of-the-art methods by a large margin.Comment: Accepted at The 12th International Conference on Awareness Science and Technolog

Improved estimates for the effective elastic bulk modulus of random tetragonal crystal aggregates

Particular expressions of upper and lower estimates for the macroscopic elastic bulk modulus of random cell tetragonal polycrystalline materials are derived and computed for a number of practical crystals. The cell-shape-unspecified bounds, based on minimum energy principles and generalized polarization trial fields, appear close to the simple bounds for specific spherical cell polycrystal

Awareness and preparedness of healthcare workers against the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey across 57 countries.

BACKGROUND: Since the COVID-19 pandemic began, there have been concerns related to the preparedness of healthcare workers (HCWs). This study aimed to describe the level of awareness and preparedness of hospital HCWs at the time of the first wave. METHODS: This multinational, multicenter, cross-sectional survey was conducted among hospital HCWs from February to May 2020. We used a hierarchical logistic regression multivariate analysis to adjust the influence of variables based on awareness and preparedness. We then used association rule mining to identify relationships between HCW confidence in handling suspected COVID-19 patients and prior COVID-19 case-management training. RESULTS: We surveyed 24,653 HCWs from 371 hospitals across 57 countries and received 17,302 responses from 70.2% HCWs overall. The median COVID-19 preparedness score was 11.0 (interquartile range [IQR] = 6.0-14.0) and the median awareness score was 29.6 (IQR = 26.6-32.6). HCWs at COVID-19 designated facilities with previous outbreak experience, or HCWs who were trained for dealing with the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, had significantly higher levels of preparedness and awareness (p<0.001). Association rule mining suggests that nurses and doctors who had a 'great-extent-of-confidence' in handling suspected COVID-19 patients had participated in COVID-19 training courses. Male participants (mean difference = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.22, 0.46; p<0.001) and nurses (mean difference = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.53, 0.81; p<0.001) had higher preparedness scores compared to women participants and doctors. INTERPRETATION: There was an unsurprising high level of awareness and preparedness among HCWs who participated in COVID-19 training courses. However, disparity existed along the lines of gender and type of HCW. It is unknown whether the difference in COVID-19 preparedness that we detected early in the pandemic may have translated into disproportionate SARS-CoV-2 burden of disease by gender or HCW type

Prospects for Food Fermentation in South-East Asia, Topics From the Tropical Fermentation and Biotechnology Network at the End of the AsiFood Erasmus+Project

Fermentation has been used for centuries to produce food in South-East Asia and some foods of this region are famous in the whole world. However, in the twenty first century, issues like food safety and quality must be addressed in a world changing from local business to globalization. In Western countries, the answer to these questions has been made through hygienisation, generalization of the use of starters, specialization of agriculture and use of long-distance transportation. This may have resulted in a loss in the taste and typicity of the products, in an extensive use of antibiotics and other chemicals and eventually, in a loss in the confidence of consumers to the products. The challenges awaiting fermentation in South-East Asia are thus to improve safety and quality in a sustainable system producing tasty and typical fermented products and valorising by-products. At the end of the “AsiFood Erasmus+ project” (www.asifood.org), the goal of this paper is to present and discuss these challenges as addressed by the Tropical Fermentation Network, a group of researchers from universities, research centers and companies in Asia and Europe. This paper presents current actions and prospects on hygienic, environmental, sensorial and nutritional qualities of traditional fermented food including screening of functional bacteria and starters, food safety strategies, research for new antimicrobial compounds, development of more sustainable fermentations and valorisation of by-products. A specificity of this network is also the multidisciplinary approach dealing with microbiology, food, chemical, sensorial, and genetic analyses, biotechnology, food supply chain, consumers and ethnology